The construction sector is essential for economic growth, employment and infrastructure in developing countries. However, it is faced with a number of serious issues, including inadequate regulation, inconsistent quality levels, labor safety, sustainability, and corrupt procurement. In addition, irresponsible urban development – a mixture of dangerous building practices and rapid urbanization – is causing a plethora of environmental hazards, unsafe housing, and unsustainable land use.
For countries like Nigeria – the combined effects of an uncoordinated regulatory environment, the use of informal building practices, and lack of capacity of regulatory agencies only add to the problem. Due to increasing climate change impacts, urbanization, and social inequalities, the construction industry is central to not only economic outcomes, but also to social equity, environmental integrity, and national resilience.
Current research (Oladapo & Taiwo, 2025) has shown that a combination of poor enforcement of building codes and a lack of health and safety culture have contributed to a consistent number of building collapses and accidents at construction sites in Nigeria’s major cities. Meanwhile, continuing global efforts in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals such as SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities are promoting an inclusive, resilient and sustainable environment that urban areas can look towards. Innovative ideas such as green construction, digital building technologies (BIM), and community-driven urban planning are opening a new horizon for development and support. However, factors such as cost, lack of training, and a relatively weak policy landscape has limited reliance on those innovative methods in Sub-Saharan Africa.
There is a significant opportunity for a dissertation to explore and research how construction systems may be adapted to cope with the urgent social, environmental and institutional needs of developing contexts.
Construction Safety Culture: Investigating the relationship between risk management practices on projects and occupational health and safety outcomes on construction sites.
Urban Informality and Building Regulation: What is the effect of informal settlements on adherence to urban planning, building and safety law?
Adopted Green Building: What are the primary barriers to embracing sustainable construction in Nigeria’s private and public sectors?
Digital Construction Tools: What impact does Building Information Modelling (BIM) have on more effective cost and risk management for project delivery in developing contexts?
Gender and Labour Equity: How equitable and inclusive is the construction workforce in terms of gender participation, pay, and occupational mobility?
The construction industry continues to be one of the most risky sectors in the world. In Nigeria, a high number of site accidents and tragic collapses have revealed significant deficiencies in safety culture and risk mitigation planning. Additionally, the absence of structured risk assessments on the job site, and very low levels of health literacy among site workers, leaning significantly towards the rigid end of the spectrum, adds to the issue.
What risk management practices do construction companies in Nigeria typically record?
With respect to safety attitudes and behaviours, how do local contractors differ from international contractors?
What institutional reforms or training opportunities would contribute to improving safety outcomes?
Worker protection will be enhanced, and the cost to litigate will be reduced.
Contribute to regulatory reform and improve health & safety policy frameworks.
Assist in health training and provide certification schemes related to health for construction workers.
Oladapo, T., & Taiwo, R. (2025). Exploring the Relationship Between Risk Management and Health and Safety Culture on Nigerian Construction Sites. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 21(2), 145–162.
Adewale, S. & Bamigbola, Y. (2024). Site Safety and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Construction Firms. Journal of African Built Environment, 9(1), 31–50.
Green building practices can create opportunities to increase energy efficiency, reduce emissions and create climate resilience. Despite this, in Nigeria, sustainable materials and designs are still marginalised because of cost, awareness, and limited policy implementation.
What factors encourage or discourage the adoption of green building practices, given local economic, regulatory, and infrastructural realities?
How do developers position the value of sustainability as long-term investments during the construction process?
Which Policy and institutional arrangements are needed to help catshift this transition?
Help inform national urban policy on sustainable infrastructure.
Outline incentive schemes or building rating systems that are appropriate to the local context.
Contribute to promoting SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities) and SDG 13 (Action on Climate).
Ogunwale, A., & Chikezie, D. (2025). Greening the Urban Landscape: Green Building Practice in West Africa. Built Environment Review, 12(3), 67–85.
Olufemi, K., & Mabogunje, O. (2024). Policy Gaps in Nigeria’s Green Building Transition. Urban Futures and Infrastructure Policy, 6(1), 102–118.
The urban centres in Nigeria are increasingly bogged down by the problem of informal development. Structures have been constructed without permits and in contravention of development regulations with consequences for infrastructure, disaster risk, and governance.
What are the causes and consequences of non-compliance with building regulations in informal settlements?
In what ways do community perceptions of government legitimacy influence compliance with building regulations?
Which participatory urban planning models are most effective in strengthening building control mechanisms and promoting accountability?
Aid city planning reforms and participatory urban governance.
Provide educational programs for community education around building regulation standards.
Encourage compliance models that integrate legal compliance as well as cultural compliance.
Eze, M. & Danjuma, I. (2025). Informal Urbanism and Building Regulation in West Africa. Journal of Planning Research, 13(1), 33–59.
Craig, O. & Yusuff, T. (2024). Urban Expansion and Governance Gaps in Lagos. African Review of Spatial Planning, 8(2), 21–47.
While the industry had expanded, construction in Nigeria is yet male-dominated in field operations and decision-making roles. There is limited understanding of how gender affects recruitment, pay equity, safety, and promotion.
What barriers limit female participation in construction, especially at the site level?
How do workplace conditions and occupational hazards shape gender-specific experiences within the construction workforce?
What sort of inclusive HR practices or policy are happening?
Advance diversity through inclusive practices and respectful work environments.
Contribute towards ‘gender equity in the workplace’ global goals (SDG 5).
Positive impact on worker satisfaction, innovation, and retention.
Akinyemi, F. & Onuoha, N. (2025). Women in the Nigerian Construction Workforce: Constraints and Catalysts. Journal of Gender and Development Studies, 10(3), 89–110.
Musa, O., & Ayodele, D. (2024). Gendered Labour and Safety in African Construction Firms. Labour and Policy Insights, 6(2), 72–98.
Construction in a developing country is more than bricks and mortar—it is about resilience, equity, and inclusion. As populations are moving to urban settings, the urban experience will depend upon the way in which government ability, contractors ability, and community ability combine policy, technology, and culture in the construction ecosystem. The topics of the dissertation, and ultimately the papers, are meant to assist scholars in forming grounded, relevant, and impactful research that can help guide better prospectives for infrastructure and human development.
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