Countries with dual legal traditions—such as Nigeria—face the challenge of reconciling Western-style arbitration and mediation regimes with indigenous or customary regimes. Even with the endorsement of formal ADR as a possible remedy for backlogs in governmental courts, the quality of community involvement and integration is frequently suboptimal. Empirical research has indicated that legislative endorsement of ADR, but access to the education and ability to enforce action of the grassroots component does not meaningfully lead to increased facilitation of ADR. Also, the hybrid models (e.g., community mediation that is backed by enforcement through the courts) are emerging as relatively recent avenues. There is still an opportunity for dissertation research to investigate the contextual, psychological, cultural and institutional factors that promote ADR success.